"Point of lay" (POL) is a term used in the poultry industry to describe the stage when a pullet (a young hen) is about to start laying eggs. It's a crucial point in the life cycle of a hen, marking the transition from a growing bird to a productive egg-laying bird. Understanding what point of lay signifies is essential for both commercial poultry farmers and backyard chicken keepers. This comprehensive guide will delve into the details, answering common questions and clarifying any misconceptions.
What Age Does a Hen Reach Point of Lay?
The age a hen reaches point of lay varies depending on the breed and the specific strain. Generally, most commercial egg-laying breeds will reach point of lay between 16 and 20 weeks of age. However, some breeds may start laying slightly earlier or later. For example, certain heritage breeds might not reach point of lay until they are older. Factors such as nutrition and overall health also play a role in determining when a hen reaches this stage.
What are the Signs a Hen is Reaching Point of Lay?
Several signs indicate a hen is approaching point of lay. These include:
- Increased Comb and Wattle Size: The comb and wattles (fleshy red parts on the hen's head) will become larger and more vibrant in color as hormone levels increase.
- Development of Broody Behavior (Sometimes): Some hens might exhibit early signs of broody behavior, such as increased nesting instincts. However, this isn't always a reliable indicator.
- Increased Activity and Restlessness: Hens might become more active and restless as they approach laying.
- Changes in Feathering: The feathers around the vent might become smoother and neater.
- Production of "Shell-less" or Soft-Shelled Eggs: In the days leading up to her first egg, a hen might lay a soft-shelled or shell-less egg. This is perfectly normal.
What Happens After a Hen Reaches Point of Lay?
Once a hen reaches point of lay, she will begin laying eggs regularly. The frequency of egg-laying will depend on the breed, age, and overall health of the hen. Many commercial breeds will lay an egg nearly every day, though this rate may decline with age. It's important to provide the hen with adequate nutrition and proper care to maintain her egg production.
How Long Does a Hen Lay Eggs?
While a hen's peak laying period typically lasts for 1-2 years, many will continue laying for 3-5 years, or even longer depending on breed and health. Egg production gradually decreases with age.
How Can I Tell if My Hen is at Point of Lay?
Observing your hen's physical changes, behavior, and even her droppings can give you clues. Look for the physical changes outlined above (comb and wattle size, feathering, etc.). Increased calcium requirements might also be visible through changes in droppings.
What is the Difference Between a Pullet and a Hen at Point of Lay?
A pullet is a young female chicken that hasn't started laying eggs yet. A hen at point of lay is a pullet that's on the verge of, or has just begun, laying eggs. The key difference is egg production.
This detailed explanation should provide a comprehensive understanding of what point of lay signifies in the life cycle of a hen. Remember that individual variations can occur depending on the breed, genetics, and overall health of the bird. Observing your hens carefully and providing appropriate care will help ensure they reach and maintain point of lay effectively.
